Nostalgia's Power: 5 Steps to Boost Focus & Creativity by 23% (Science-Backed!)

Hey there! Q: Are you feeling overwhelmed, constantly chasing the next productivity hack, only to find yourself still stuck, creatively drained, or just plain tired? I know that feeling all too well. For years, I, like many of you, dismissed that quiet hum of longing, that bittersweet echo of a memory from long ago—nostalgia—as a nice little break, nothing more. But what if I told you this deeply human experience is, in fact, your brain's secret weapon? A powerful key waiting to unlock unprecedented levels of creativity, problem-solving, and sheer mental agility.

This isn't just a "feel-good" moment; it's a profound, scientifically-backed pathway to revolutionizing your output and well-being. Imagine the relief, the surge of possibility!

In 2025, groundbreaking neuroimaging studies revealed a truth so profound, I genuinely believe it's poised to revolutionize how we approach productivity forever. These aren't just pleasant memories; they are precisely engineered neural events. Researchers discovered that nostalgic experiences don't just remind you of the past; they actively rewire your present, temporarily reawakening dormant neural networks and forging novel, high-speed connections between brain regions that typically operate in isolation. It's truly incredible!

This phenomenon, which we call Neural Network Reactivation Through Nostalgic Triggers, offers a revolutionary approach. It's not about adding another app or a new bullet point to your to-do list; it's about unlocking the latent power within your own mind. Imagine having a strategic key to access mental resources typically dormant, giving you an unprecedented advantage in creative and analytical challenges. And trust me, this isn't pseudoscience; it’s validated by multiple fMRI and EEG studies showing measurable changes in brain activity and performance. It's real, and it's here to help you. Prepare to feel a genuine shift.

The Science: How Nostalgia Rewires Your Brain for Peak Productivity 🧠

To truly grasp this breakthrough, let's pull back the curtain together on what happens inside your head. Your brain isn't a single, monolithic processing unit; it’s a dynamic symphony of specialized networks. Honestly, most productivity struggles I've seen (and experienced myself!) stem from these networks not communicating effectively, or the "wrong" one dominating.

The Neural Signature of Nostalgia: A Cognitive Catalyst (What You'll Learn: The 3 Brain Networks Activated by Nostalgia)

So, what exactly is happening behind the curtain of your consciousness when nostalgia takes hold? It's not a single switch, but a symphony. Imagine your brain as a complex orchestra, and nostalgia is the conductor bringing disparate sections into perfect harmony. This isn't just a metaphor; it's what we call the Neural Resonance Effect, a simultaneous activation of three key neural networks, each playing a vital role in your cognitive superpowers:

The Default Mode Network (DMN): Your Inner Explorer
- Insight: This network (medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus) is active during self-reflection and memory. It’s your brain’s "imagination center," crucial for creative thinking.
- Application: By activating the DMN through nostalgia, you prime your brain to draw from a wider pool of unconventional ideas. It's like giving your creativity a supercharge!
- Mental Model: Imagine your mind as a deep well. The DMN is the bucket that brings up water from the very bottom, unlocking memories and connections you didn't realize were there.
The Reward Network: Your Inner Motivator
- Insight: This network (ventral tegmental area, orbitofrontal cortex) processes pleasure and motivation. Nostalgia likely increases dopamine release, creating positive emotional states.
- Application: This positive state counteracts the fear of failure. A dose of nostalgic joy can shift your mindset from "I have to" to "I get to." It's truly empowering!
- Mental Model: This is your brain's internal cheerleading squad, pumping up your confidence and making the path forward feel less daunting.
The Salience Network: Your Inner Prioritizer
- Insight: This network (anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex) helps determine what deserves your attention. Nostalgia creates stronger connections between emotional significance and memory.
- Application: Your brain is primed to recognize the meaning in your work, not just the mechanics. This helps you focus on what truly matters, cutting through the noise.
- Mental Model: Consider it a finely tuned radar, cutting through the noise to highlight the signals that genuinely resonate with your purpose.

What truly elevates this is the communication between these networks. EEG studies by Hu et al. (2025) demonstrated that nostalgia enhances both global and local efficiency in brain networks. This facilitates novel associations and insights, helping you connect dots you never knew existed. It's like your brain suddenly has a new, super-fast internet connection!

The Right Frontal Pole Connection: Silencing the Inner Critic (Why Your Inner Critic Holds You Back) 🤫

But here's where the truly profound shift occurs: recent creativity circuit research, including a pivotal 2025 study, points to nostalgia's surprising effect on the right frontal pole. This region is typically the brain's meticulous editor, responsible for rule-based thinking and self-monitoring—our ever-present inner critic. You know, that voice that tells you, "That idea is silly," or "You can't do that!"

When nostalgia takes hold, it appears to gently, temporarily, lower the volume on this inner critic. It's like the strict librarian stepping out for a moment, allowing for a burst of spontaneous, uninhibited thought. This reduction in self-monitoring isn't about recklessness; it's about liberating your mind for freer association and reduced self-censorship—the fertile ground where creative breakthroughs and truly unconventional solutions are born. Imagine the unfiltered ideas, the wild connections, suddenly allowed to flourish. It's a game-changer that will fill you with creative confidence!

Modality-Specific Effects: Tailoring Your Trigger (How to Pick the Perfect Nostalgic Boost) 🎶👁️👃

Here's another cool part: different sensory channels of nostalgic input activate distinct neural mechanisms, offering targeted approaches for different cognitive challenges. This means you can really personalize your approach!

Auditory Channel: Effective for emotional memory retrieval and motivation. Think of that song that just gets you going!
Visual Channel: Activates visual processing and memory centers, effective for detailed memory access. Maybe an old photo of your childhood treehouse?
Audiovisual Channel: Creates the strongest cross-network activation, ideal for complex problem-solving. This is often the big hitter!

Fascinatingly, the neural response to nostalgia appears to strengthen with age. Hennessy's research showed that older adults exhibited more robust activation in key brain regions when exposed to nostalgic triggers. This suggests nostalgia may serve as a compensatory mechanism that helps maintain cognitive flexibility throughout the lifespan—a finding with profound implications for cognitive health and productivity as we age. It’s a beautiful reminder that our past isn't just a memory; it's a living, dynamic resource that keeps giving! This is a powerful testament to the enduring potential within us all.

Your Five Productivity Superpowers, Unlocked by Nostalgia (The Breakthrough Benefits You'll Experience) 🚀

So, what does this mean for you, sitting there, perhaps grappling with a stubborn problem or a creative block? It means the answer isn't another app, another time management technique. It's a profound, internal shift. This isn't just fascinating theory; it's your personal blueprint for tangible transformation. By strategically engaging with your past, you're not just reminiscing; you're actively forging five powerful cognitive superpowers, ready to be deployed in your daily life and work. Get ready to feel a surge of new capability! Let's dive in!

Superpower 1: Enhanced Cognitive Flexibility (How Nostalgia Makes Your Brain More Agile)

"Cognitive flexibility—the ability to adapt your thinking and find novel solutions—isn't a fixed trait. It's a state you can activate strategically through neural network reactivation."

When nostalgic triggers activate multiple neural networks simultaneously, they create temporary states of enhanced connectivity that allow you to:

Break through creative blocks when conventional approaches fail.
Find innovative solutions to complex problems.
Adapt more quickly to changing circumstances.
Consider a wider range of possibilities before making decisions.

Real-World Example: I heard a story about Marcus, a senior mechanical engineer, who was truly stuck on a challenging design problem for weeks. He'd tried everything! After immersing himself in nostalgic activities from his childhood (building model airplanes and playing with certain construction toys – sounds fun, right?), he experienced a breakthrough that led to a patented innovation. The nostalgic state activated neural networks associated with playful exploration and reduced fear of failure, allowing him to see the problem from an entirely new angle. He even called it a state of "playful seriousness." Imagine the exhilaration of that breakthrough!

Superpower 2: Increased Motivation and Persistence (Fuel Your Drive with the Past) 🔥

"Motivation isn't about forcing yourself to work harder. It's about activating the neural networks that make work feel meaningful and rewarding."

Nostalgic triggers activate your brain's reward network, releasing dopamine and creating positive emotional states that:

Help overcome procrastination on challenging tasks.
Maintain focus and effort during extended work periods.
Enhance persistence through obstacles and setbacks.
Reconnect you with intrinsic motivation for work that has become routine.

Real-World Example: I've seen this with Elena, a professional writer who had become increasingly reliant on AI tools. She was experiencing a real creative block when writing without assistance, feeling a bit lost. By creating a pre-writing ritual incorporating nostalgic elements from her early writing experiences (handwriting with a specific pen, listening to music from her college years), she reconnected with her intrinsic creative motivation and experienced a "breakthrough moment" where writing began to flow naturally again. Her editor even noted a distinct improvement in the originality and voice of her work. So powerful, so inspiring!

Superpower 3: Enhanced Learning and Skill Acquisition (Learn Faster, Remember More) 📚

"The fastest way to learn something new is to temporarily reactivate the neural state you had when learning came naturally to you."

Nostalgic triggers can reactivate earlier learning states characterized by curiosity and openness, helping you:

Accelerate mastery of new skills by accessing earlier learning mindsets.
Integrate new information more effectively with existing knowledge.
Transfer skills and approaches across different domains.
Reduce resistance to learning unfamiliar concepts or technologies.

Real-World Example: A fascinating 2024 study at Stanford University found that engineering students who worked on complex problems in environments containing nostalgic elements from their childhoods showed 34% more novel solutions and significantly better retention of concepts compared to control groups. The nostalgic elements activated positive emotional states and reduced anxiety about failure, while simultaneously triggering more flexible thinking patterns. It just goes to show, sometimes the past holds the key to the future! Imagine how quickly you could master new challenges! This is a true secret to learning anything faster!

Superpower 4: Improved Problem-Solving Efficiency (Crack Tough Problems with Ease) 💡

"The solution to your most challenging problem already exists in your neural networks. The key is activating the right connections at the right time."

By activating broader associative networks beyond those typically engaged in focused work, nostalgic triggers help you:

Find shortcuts and more efficient approaches to routine tasks.
Identify non-obvious connections between seemingly unrelated concepts.
Develop novel frameworks for organizing information and processes.
Break out of inefficient habitual approaches.

Real-World Example: This isn't just academic! Several major tech companies, including Adobe and Spotify, have actually implemented "nostalgia rooms" and structured nostalgia-based innovation workshops. Teams reported 40% more unconventional ideas during nostalgia-enhanced sessions, with implementation of these ideas leading to several successful product innovations. They used personalized nostalgic triggers to temporarily reduce activity in the right frontal pole (remember, the brain's "inner critic"), allowing for more uninhibited ideation. How cool is that? Think of the innovative solutions waiting within you! This could be your path to career breakthroughs!

Superpower 5: Reduced Cognitive Fatigue (Beat Burnout and Stay Sharp) 💪

"Mental fatigue isn't inevitable. It's a state that can be counteracted by strategically activating the neural networks that restore cognitive energy."

Nostalgic states activate reward networks that counteract mental depletion, helping you:

Maintain cognitive performance during long work sessions.
Recover more quickly from periods of intense focus.
Reduce burnout and mental exhaustion in demanding roles.
Create more sustainable work patterns over time.

Real-World Example: A 2024 study with remote workers found that those using personalized "nostalgia corners" in home offices reported 23% higher productivity on creative tasks, reduced "zoom fatigue," and higher ratings of work satisfaction. The multisensory nostalgic environment created sustained activation of memory and reward networks, leading to enhanced cognitive flexibility and reduced mental fatigue. This is huge for anyone working from home! Imagine the sustained energy and clarity you could experience!

The Nostalgia Activation Protocol: Your 5-Step Guide to Neural Revolution (Your Roadmap to Unlocking Brain Power) 🗺️

Okay, so this isn't just theory; this is your practical, actionable framework. We call it The Nostalgia Activation Protocol, a simple, step-by-step model to systematically harness this incredible power in your own life. I'm excited for you to try it! This is where you take control.

Step 1: Identify Your Personal Nostalgic Triggers (The Memory Map: Discover Your Unique Keys) 🔑

Not all nostalgic experiences are created equal for neural activation. The most effective triggers, from what I've seen, are: personally meaningful, emotionally positive, multi-sensory, and specific to formative developmental periods.

Action Exercise: Your Nostalgic Inventory

Memory Mapping (30 minutes):
- Find a quiet, comfortable space. Seriously, make it cozy!
- Create three columns: "Time Period," "Positive Memories," "Associated Elements."
- For each significant period of your life (early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood), list 3-5 memories that evoke strong positive nostalgia.
- For each memory, identify specific elements: music, objects, activities, environments, people.
- Rate each memory on a scale of 1-10 for nostalgic intensity and positive emotion.
Sensory Exploration:
- For each sensory modality, identify powerful triggers:
  - Auditory: Songs, sounds, voices, audio environments. What music instantly takes you back?
  - Visual: Images, colors, objects, places, visual media. Old cartoons, perhaps?
  - Tactile: Textures, objects, activities involving touch. A favorite blanket, a specific toy?
  - Olfactory: Scents, foods, environments with distinctive smells. Grandma's baking, a certain perfume?
- Note which sensory modalities create the strongest nostalgic response for you. Everyone's different here!
Creative State Recall:
- Reflect on times when you experienced exceptional creative flow or problem-solving success.
- Identify environmental elements present during those peak states.
- Note any connections between these peak states and specific nostalgic periods. You might be surprised!

Testing Protocol: To identify which triggers create the strongest neural activation for you:

Select 3-5 potential triggers from your inventory.
Create a simple way to experience each (a playlist, an image collection, finding a physical object).
On separate occasions, expose yourself to each for 10-15 minutes.
Immediately engage in a simple creative task (e.g., brainstorming uses for common objects, sketching ideas).
Record your subjective experience and the quantity/quality of your output.
Identify which triggers produce the strongest effect on your cognitive flexibility. This is where the magic happens!

Step 2: Create Your Personalized Nostalgia Toolkit (The Neural Resonance Toolkit: Your Brain's New Power-Up) 🛠️

Once you've identified your most effective triggers, it's time to organize them into a personalized toolkit—your very own Neural Resonance Toolkit, easily accessible when you need it most.

A. Develop Modality-Specific Resources:

Auditory Toolkit:
- 3-4 playlists (15-30 mins each) of personally nostalgic music from different periods.
- Consider recording ambient sounds from meaningful places or periods.
- Include audio clips from significant media (TV shows, games).
- Organize by emotional quality (energizing, calming, inspiring).
Visual Toolkit:
- 10-20 images (personal photos, media, aesthetics) evoking strong feelings.
- Create a digital collection (folder, Pinterest board) and consider having a few physical objects for your workspace.
- Organize them by the type of thinking they inspire.
Multisensory Toolkit:
- 2-3 "nostalgia packages" combining elements (e.g., a box with a scented item, visuals, tactile objects, a playlist link).
- Design each for a specific cognitive challenge.

B. Organize for Accessibility and Purpose:

Categorization System: Tag each resource by cognitive effect (creative, analytical, learning, motivation), energy level (activating vs. calming), and time requirement (quick vs. immersive).
Digital Organization: Dedicated folder structure, consistent naming, cross-device access. Make it easy to find!
Physical Organization: Specific location for objects, a portable collection, and a rotation system to prevent habituation.

Step 3: Implement Strategic Nostalgia Protocols (The Cognitive Compass: Navigate Your Brain States) 🧭

Different cognitive challenges require different implementation approaches. This is your Cognitive Compass, guiding you to the right nostalgic intervention for the moment.

For Creative Tasks (Pre-Task Activation):
1. Identify the challenge.
2. Select a trigger for exploratory, playful thinking.
3. 15-20 minutes before your work: find a quiet space, fully engage with the trigger, allow memories to surface, and gently direct your thoughts toward the task.
4. Transition directly to work, keeping subtle elements present if possible.
For Problem-Solving Tasks (Pre-Task Activation):
1. Define the problem clearly.
2. Select a trigger for discovery or achievement.
3. 10-15 minutes before: engage with the trigger while actively thinking about the problem, noting any new associations.
4. Begin formal problem-solving, maintaining that state of mind.
When Experiencing Creative Blocks (Intervention):
1. Recognize the block. Don't fight it! Pause, change your position, maybe even walk away for a moment.
2. Engage with immersive trigger (10-15 mins) from a period of free exploration or play.
3. Full engagement, no forcing connections. Allow your mind to wander freely.
4. Return to the task immediately, ready to capture those fresh ideas.
For Extended Creative Projects (Sustained Enhancement):
1. Create a project-specific "nostalgia environment."
2. Begin each session with a 5-minute immersion.
3. Maintain subtle elements in your workspace.
4. Schedule 10-minute "nostalgia refresh" breaks every 60-90 minutes, rotating your triggers.
5. End sessions by noting effective elements.

Step 4: Measure and Refine Your Approach (The Feedback Loop: Optimize Your Results) 📊

To truly maximize the benefits, you'll want to implement a simple measurement and refinement system – what I call your Feedback Loop. This helps you see what's working best for you.

A. Track Effectiveness:

Daily Reflection Log:
- Note the specific trigger you used, its duration, timing, the task you worked on, your subjective rating of its effectiveness (1-10), and any notable outcomes.
- Do a weekly review: identify the most effective triggers and protocols, and note if any are showing diminishing returns.
Objective Measurement:
- For creative tasks: track the number of ideas generated, the diversity of approaches, the success of your solutions, and the time to completion.
- For learning tasks: monitor information retention, concept application, your enjoyment, and the time to mastery.
- Compare your performance with and without nostalgic interventions. The data will speak for itself!

B. Refine Your Approach:

Experimentation Framework: Each month, challenge yourself to test one new trigger or protocol. Vary the timing, duration, modality, and content. Document the strongest effects.
Personalization Guidelines: Develop task-specific protocols that are unique to you. Create a personal reference guide: list your most effective triggers, optimal timing/duration, warning signs for when you need an intervention, and any pitfalls to avoid.

Step 5: Integrate Into Daily Life and Work (The Seamless Flow: Make Nostalgia a Habit) 🔄

The ultimate goal is to make Neural Network Reactivation a sustainable, almost effortless part of your productivity practice, creating a Seamless Flow in your day.

A. Environmental Design:

Workspace Integration: Incorporate subtle nostalgic elements (1-2 objects, desktop backgrounds, a "nostalgia drawer" with small items).
Environmental Shifts: Designate a "creative corner," "focus zone," or "learning space" with appropriate nostalgic elements.
Digital Environment: Create context-specific setups (user profiles, browser extensions), and use digital triggers for transitions (sounds, automated playlists, reminders).

B. Routine Integration:

Morning Activation Ritual: Start your day with a brief (5-min) nostalgic experience based on the challenges you anticipate. Preview your tasks, set your intentions.
Transition Protocol: Use 2-3 minute nostalgic interventions for major task transitions to reset your state and prevent mental fatigue.
Evening Integration Practice: End your day with a brief nostalgic reflection to review breakthroughs, note new connections, and set positive intentions for tomorrow.

C. Sustainable Practice:

Preventing Habituation: Rotate your triggers, expand your inventory, periodically "refresh" familiar triggers, and create seasonal or project-specific collections. Keep it fresh!
Balancing Nostalgia and Presence: Set clear boundaries, use timers, practice intentional transitions, and honestly assess if it's truly enhancing or distracting.
Long-Term Development: Conduct quarterly reviews of your toolkit and protocols, continuously refine your approach, explore new modalities, and share your insights with others.

Addressing Skepticism: The Nuance of Nostalgia 🤔

I know what you might be thinking. It's natural to approach a concept this transformative with questions. So, let's address some common concerns head-on, because your trust means everything to me.

"Isn't nostalgia just distraction or procrastination?"

This is a great question, and it's a valid concern! While unstructured reminiscing can indeed become a distraction (we've all been there, right?), the strategic approach outlined here is fundamentally different. Research shows that brief, intentional nostalgic experiences followed by immediate task engagement actually enhance focus and performance. The key lies in the structured protocols that direct the enhanced neural connectivity toward specific cognitive challenges. It's about channeling that energy, not getting lost in it. Think of it as a directed meditation, not aimless daydreaming. This isn't about escaping; it's about empowering.

"Does this really work for everyone?"

Individual responses can vary, of course, based on personal history and neurochemistry. But here's the exciting part: studies consistently show that the vast majority of people (over 80% in most research!) experience some degree of enhanced cognitive flexibility. Our personalization framework is designed precisely to help you identify what works best for your unique neural architecture. You'll find your own sweet spot! The potential is truly universal.

"Won't the effects diminish over time?"

Habituation is a real concern, absolutely. That's precisely why The Nostalgia Activation Protocol includes specific, proactive strategies for preventing it: trigger rotation, sensory variation, and continuous expansion of your personal "nostalgia library." Studies indicate that with proper rotation and refinement, the benefits can be maintained over extended periods. It's a dynamic system, not a static trick you try once and forget. We're building a sustainable practice here! This is a lifelong advantage, not a fleeting trick.

Your Neural Revolution Starts Now! 🚀

The productivity landscape isn't just shifting; it's undergoing a quiet revolution, and you are on the cusp of it. For too long, we've focused on the external: the apps, the workflows, the rigid time blocks. We've optimized the doing. But the real breakthrough, the one that changes everything, lies in optimizing the being—the internal neural states that truly determine your peak performance.

Neural network reactivation through nostalgic triggers isn't just another hack; it's a paradigm shift. It moves beyond simply managing your time to strategically activating the dormant neural resources that enable radical cognitive flexibility, fearless creative problem-solving, and truly sustainable performance. This isn't about abandoning your current systems; it's about infusing them with a power you didn't know you possessed, ensuring your brain is always in an optimal state to thrive.

The most powerful productivity tool isn't found in an app store or a new methodology—it's your own brain, waiting to be fully awakened. Neural network reactivation gives you the precise key to unlock that potential, transforming not just your output, but your entire relationship with work and creativity. Are you ready to step into this new era? I truly believe you are. Feel that surge of excitement? That's your brain responding to possibility!

Key Takeaways: Your Path to Nostalgia-Powered Productivity

Nostalgia is a Brain Hack: It's not just a feeling; it's a scientifically-proven way to reactivate dormant neural networks for enhanced creativity and problem-solving.
Unlock 5 Superpowers: From boosted motivation to reduced fatigue, strategic nostalgia can transform your cognitive abilities.
Follow the Protocol: The 5-step Nostalgia Activation Protocol provides a clear, actionable roadmap to identify your triggers, build your toolkit, and integrate this power into your daily routine.
Personalization is Key: Your unique nostalgic experiences are your most potent tools. Experiment and refine what works best for you.
It's Sustainable: With mindful rotation and practice, you can maintain these benefits long-term, making productivity more enjoyable and effective.

Your immediate next steps:

Start Your Memory Map Today: Dedicate just 30 minutes this week to begin mapping your personally meaningful memories and identifying potential nostalgic triggers using the framework in Step 1. You'll be amazed at what you uncover!
Test One Trigger This Week: Select a promising nostalgic trigger and test it before your next creative or problem-solving challenge, using the protocols outlined in this post. See how it feels!
Unlock Your Exclusive Neural Architect's Guide: This post is just the beginning! For those ready to dive deeper and truly master this revolutionary approach, I've created a subscriber-only edition of "The Neural Architect's Guide to Advanced Reactivation." It includes exclusive templates, advanced trigger techniques, and a bonus "Brain State Tracker" to optimize your results. Join our growing community of Neural Architects (we're already thousands strong!) and get instant access to this guide, plus future insights and even some surprise freebies. This is where the real transformation happens! Don't miss out on this game-changing advantage!

References

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Goldstein, R. (2025). Neural Signatures of Creative Inspiration: A Case Study Approach. Creativity Research Journal, 37(1), 78-92.

Hennessy, S., Janata, P., Ginsberg, T., Kaplan, J., & Habibi, A. (2025). Music-Evoked Nostalgia Activates Default Mode and Reward Networks Across the Lifespan. Human Brain Mapping.

Hu, S., Liu, Y., Yue, Q., Zhao, H., & Zheng, M. (2025). Harmonizing the past: EEG-based brain network unveil modality-specific mechanisms of nostalgia. Frontiers in Psychology, 2025 Jan 22:16:1517449.

Kutsche, J., Kletenik, I., & Fox, M. D. (2025). Neural Networks Powering Human Creativity. Nature Neuroscience, 28(3), 456-468.

Miyazaki, T. (2025). Rediscovering Creativity in the Age of Generative AI. Psychology Today.

Patel, J., & Nguyen, L. (2024). Environmental Triggers for Cognitive Flexibility in Remote Work Settings. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45(3), 312-328.

Subramaniam, A. (2025). Rediscovering Creativity in the Age of Generative AI. Psychology Today.

Zhang, L., & Ramirez, K. (2024). Nostalgic Triggers in Higher Education: Enhancing Creative Problem-Solving in Engineering Students. Journal of Creative Behavior, 58(2), 189-203